I graduated from the University of Oxford in 1974 and received my
PhD from the University of Edinburgh in 1978. As a member of the Middle
English Dialect Project, under the direction of Angus McIntosh, I
contributed to the production of A Linguistic Atlas of Late
Mediaeval English (LALME)
(AUP/Mercat Press, 1986). After that, at the department’s Institute for Historical Dialectology,
I was engaged in the creation of A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English
(LAEME, now in version 3.2): an electronic text
corpus, with accompanying software (Keith Williamson and Vasilis Karaiskos) and theoretical
introduction (with Roger Lass). I have written on late Middle English,
most notably with Michael Benskin — ‘Translations
and Mischsprachen in Middle English
Manuscripts’, in So meny people longages and tonges,
philological essays in Scots and mediaeval English presented to Angus
McIntosh , ed. Michael Benskin and M.L. Samuels, pp. 55–106 (1981). I
have published extensively on early Middle English, including A
Catalogue of Sources for a Linguistic Atlas of Early Medieval English
(Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1993) and many articles arising out of the
investigation of early Middle English texts for LAEME.
The methodology employed for LAEME involves transcribing
texts from original manuscripts and ‘tagging them for
analysis and localisation. The close scrutiny involved in this work has led not
only to assessment of the diatopic and diachronic variation in early
Middle English phonology, morphology, lexis and syntax, but also to a
number of studies on textual and linguistic relationships of different
versions of texts, early Middle English orthographical systems and new
manuscript readings (see publications below).
Between September 2007 and August 2010 I worked, in collaboration with Keith Williamson
and Michael Benskin (University of Oslo), on the creation of an electronic, web-based version
of LALME (e-LALME). The project was funded by AHRC and the Andrew W. Mellon
Foundation.
I co-supervised Ela Majocha’s PhD An Onomastic Study of Early Middle English (2005) and Lauren Stewart’s PhD on Representation of
Dialect in 17th-century English drama (2011). I am currently co-supervising Sara Myers’ PhD investigating the evolution of the genitive noun phrase in written Middle English, and Enti Arends’ PhD on the socio-cultural implications of French in Middle English texts.
I retired at the end of Decmber 2013. As an Honorary Fellow I remain a PhD supervisor and continue to work on LAEME and on CoNE, in collaboration with Roger Lass.
1986 A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English by Angus McIntosh, M.L. Samuels and Michael Benskin with the assistance of Margaret Laing and Keith Williamson. 4 vols. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press. (Part of PhD thesis incorporated in this.)
1989a Middle English Dialectology: essays on some principles and problems by Angus McIntosh, M.L. Samuels and Margaret Laing, edited and introduced by Margaret Laing. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press. 295 pp.
1993 Catalogue of Sources for a Linguistic Atlas of Early Medieval English. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer. 186 pp.
Online Resources
2008- A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, 1150-1325, version 2.1 electronic text corpus with accompanying software (Keith Williamson and Vasilis Karaiskos) index of sources and theoretical introduction (with Roger Lass). Edinburgh: The University of Edinburgh.
2013- (with Michael Benskin, Vasilis Karaiskos and Keith Williamson) e-LALME An Electronic Version of A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English, by Angus McIntosh, M.L. Samuels and Michael Benksin with the assistance of Margaret Laing and Keith Williamson, e-LALME revised and supplemented by Michael Benskin and Margaret Laing. Webscripts by Vasilis Karaiskos and Keith Williamson. Edinburgh: The University of Edinburgh.
2013- (with Roger Lass, Rhona Alcorn and Keith Williamson) CoNE A Corpus of Narrative Etymologies from Primitive Old English
to Early Middle English (CoNE) and accompanying Corpus of Changes (CC).
2013- A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, 1150-1325, version 3.2 electronic text corpus with accompanying software (Keith Williamson and Vasilis Karaiskos) index of sources and theoretical introduction (with Roger Lass). Edinburgh: The University of Edinburgh.
Articles
1981 (with Michael Benskin) 'Translations and Mischsprachen in Middle English Manuscripts' in So meny people longages and tonges, philological essays in Scots and mediaeval English presented to Angus McIntosh, ed. Michael Benskin and M.L. Samuels, pp. 55–106
1982 (with Angus McIntosh) 'Bodleian Library, Rawlinson MS D.375: an historical puzzle', Notes and Queries 29, pp. 484–87
1988 'Dialectal Analysis and Linguistically Composite Texts in Middle English', Speculum 63, pp. 83–103. Reprinted in middle English Dialectology (1989a above), pp. 150–69
1989b 'Linguistic Profiles and Textual Criticism: the Translations by Richard Misyn of Rolle's Incendium Amoris and Emendatio Vitae' in Middle English Dialectology (1989a above), pp. 188–223
1991 'Anchor Texts and Literary Manuscripts in Early Middle English' in Essays Celebrating the Publication of the Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English, ed. F. Riddy, pp. 27–52. York Manuscripts Conferences Proceedings Series 2. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer
1992 'A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English: the Value of Texts surviving in more than one Version' in Matti Rissanen et al., eds. History of Englishes: New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics, pp. 566–81.Topics in English Linguistics 10. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter
1994 'The Linguistic Analysis of Medieval Vernacular Texts: Two Projects at Edinburgh', Corpora across the Centuries: Proceedings of the First International Colloquium on English Diachronic Corpora, St. Catharine's College Cambridge, 25–27 March 1993, ed. M. Kytö, M. Rissanen and S. Wright, pp. 121–41. Amsterdam: Rodopi
1995a 'Cambridge, Trinity College MS 335: its Texts and Their Transmission' with Angus McIntosh in New Science out of Old Books: Studies in Manuscripts and Early Printed Books in Honour of A.I. Doyle, ed. Richard Beadle and A.J.Piper, pp. 14–52. Aldershot: Scolar Press
1995b 'A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English', Medieval English Studies Newsletter 33, pp. 1–8. University of Tokyo
1995c (with Angus McIntosh ) 'The Language of Ancrene Riwle, the Katherine Group Texts and Þe Wohunge of ure Lauerd in BL Cotton Titus D xviii', Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 96, pp. 235–263.
1996 (with Angus McIntosh) 'Middle English windown, 'window': a word-geographical Note', Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 97, pp. 295–300.
1997 'A Fourteenth-Century Sermon on the Number Seven in Merton College, Oxford, MS 248'. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 98: 99 - 134.
1998a 'Linguistic and textual relationships between the Corpus, Nero and Vernon Manuscripts of Ancrene Riwle - a response'. Medieval English Studies Newsletter 38: 4 - 16.
1998c 'Notes on Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Digby 86, the Names of a Hare in English'. Medium Ævum 67: 201 - 11.
1998d 'Three notes on Dame Sirith, Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Digby 86, fols. 165r–168r'. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 99: 401 - 09.
1999 'Confusion wrs confounded: litteral substitution sets in early Middle English writing systems'. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen100: 251 - 70.
2000a 'The Linguistic Stratification of the Middle English Texts in Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Digby 86'. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 101: 523 - 69
2000b '"Never the twain shall meet" early Middle English — the east west divide', in Irma Taavitsainen et. al. eds. Placing Middle English in Context, pp. 97 - 124. Topics in English Linguistics 35. Mouton de Gruyter.
2001 'Words reread. Middle English Writing Systems and the Dictionary'. Linguistica e Filologia 13: 87 - 129
2004 'Multidimensionality: Time, Space and Stratigraphy in Historical Dialectology'. In M. Dossena and R. Lass (eds.), Methods and Data in English Historical Dialectology. Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 49 - 96.
2005 (with Roger Lass) 'Are front rounded vowels retained in West Midland Middle English?'. In Nikolaus Ritt and Herbert Schendl (eds.), Rethinking Middle English: linguistic and literary approaches. Frankfurt/Main, etc.: Peter Lang. pp. 280 - 90.
2005 (with Roger Lass) 'Early Middle English knight: (Pseudo)metathesis and lexical specificity'. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 106: 405 - 23.
2006 (with Roger Lass) 'Early Middle English Dialectology: Problems and Prospects'. In Ans van Kemenade and Bettelou Los (eds.), Handbook of the History of English, pp. 417 - 51. Oxford: Blackwell.
2006 (with Roger Lass - Lass/Laing) '$ho:fian{*}/vK2: A LAEME-based Lexical Study'. In: G. Caie, C. Hough and I. Wotherspoon (eds), The Power of Words: Essays in Lexicography, Lexicology and Semantics in honour of Christian Kay. Amsterdam: Rodopi, pp. 79 - 91.
2007 'The Owl and the Nightingale: five new readings and further notes'. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 108: 445 - 77.
2008 'The Middle English scribe: sprach er wie er schrieb? ' in Dossena, M., Dury, R. and Gotti, M. (eds), English Historical Liguistics 2006. Volume III: Geo-historical Variation. CILT 297. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 1-44.
2009 'Orthographic indications of weakness in early Middle English' in D. Minkova (ed.), Phonological Weakness in English: from Old to Present-Day English. Palgrave Studies in Language History and Language Change. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire and New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 237-315.
2009 (with Roger Lass - Lass/Laing) 'Databases, Dictionaries and Dialectology. Dental Instability in Early Middle English: A Case Study' in Dossena, M. and Lass R. (eds.). Studies in English and European Historical Dialectology. Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 91-131.
2010 'The reflexes of OE beon as a marker of futurity in Early Middle English' in Lenker, U., Huber, J. and Mailhammer, R. (eds), Selected Papers from the Fifteenth International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (ICEHL 15), Munich, 24-30 August 2008. Volume I: The History of English Verbal and Nominal Constructions. Amsterdam: Benjamins, pp. 237-254.
2010 (with Roger Lass - Lass/Laing) 'In celebration of early Middle English 'h''. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 111: 345-354.
2012 (with Roger Lass - Lass/Laing) ' 'ea' in Early Middle English: from diphthong to digraph' in Denison, David, Ricardo Bermudez-Otero, Chris McCully and Emma Moore, eds. (with the assistance of Ayumi Miura), Analysing Older English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 75-117.
2013 (with Roger Lass - Lass/Laing) 'The early Middle English reflexes of Germanic *ik 'I': unpacking the changes. Folia Linguistica Historica 34: 1-21.